rhino-abstract.lyx 8.7 KB

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  144. \begin_layout Title
  145. Current Studies on Molecular Mechanisms of Iron Homeostasis in Rhinoceroses
  146. \end_layout
  147. \begin_layout Author
  148. Rose Linzmeier, Ph.
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  159. \begin_layout Author
  160. Ryan Thompson
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  168. \begin_layout Author
  169. Sarah LaMere, D.V.M.
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  177. \begin_layout Author
  178. Pauline Lee, Ph.
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  190. Elizabeta Nemeth, Ph.
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  202. Tomas Ganz, M.D., Ph.
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  213. \begin_layout Author
  214. Donald E.
  215. Paglia, M.
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  228. Look into https://tex.stackexchange.com/q/34746/5654
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  239. Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Department of Pathology
  240. and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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  249. Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research
  250. Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
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  259. UCLA Hematology Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory
  260. Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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  262. \begin_layout Date
  263. 2013
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  265. \begin_layout Standard
  266. Iron storage disease (ISD) is a hazardous and clinically underappreciated
  267. condition commonly acquired by exotic wildlife species when displaced from
  268. their natural habitats and confined for even short periods under artificial
  269. conditions.
  270. An international symposium recently reviewed and validated evidence that
  271. African black and Sumatran rhinoceroses invariably develop progressive
  272. ISD commensurate with their times in captivity, whereas African white and
  273. Indian rhinoceroses do not
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  279. .
  280. Since vulnerability to ISD is a species-wide characteristic, it is likely
  281. to have a genetic basis possibly reflecting evolutionary adaptions to differenc
  282. es in iron bioavailability between browser and grazer diets.
  283. \end_layout
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  285. As a biologically essential element that is also highly toxic in excess,
  286. iron is exquisitely regulated by molecular mechanisms primarily focused
  287. on interactions between the peptide hepcidin, (the principal iron-regulatory
  288. hormone), and its receptor ferroportin, (the sole channel for egress of
  289. intracellular iron into plasma)
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  295. .
  296. Iron-regulatory gene sequences from both ISD-susceptible and non-susceptible
  297. species were compared to search for possible molecular differences.
  298. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples from all four available
  299. rhinoceros species, and genes encoding hepcidin and ferroportin, as well
  300. as modulators hemojuvelin, transferrin receptor 2, and HFE protein, were
  301. cloned and analyzed by PCR amplification.
  302. Over half of the DNA sequences of these five genes have now been determined
  303. without identifying any that could account for disparities in iron loading
  304. among the species.
  305. Evaluation of the remaining sequences continues, as do studies to determine
  306. the responsiveness of rhinoceros ferroportin to hepcidin modulation and
  307. quantitative levels of hepcidin expression
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  316. In addition, liver and spleen mRNA sequences from African black and white
  317. rhinoceroses were assembled using Trinity RNA-Seq software
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  323. and compared with human sequences using the SIFT algorithm
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  329. .
  330. Candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms were independently validated
  331. by genomic sequencing.
  332. Mutations were found in four genes that may be associated with primary
  333. iron disorders or hemolytic anemia in black rhinoceroses: SLC28a2, EPB41,
  334. MTF1, and STEAP4
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  340. .
  341. The functional consequences of these mutations are being determined.
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